Mouse IgG2b monoclonal antibody against human CD31 / PECAM-1 (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, ~140 kDa; platelet GPIIa'), clone VM64, 1 mL. The gold-standard pan-vascular-endothelial IHC marker — used for tumour-microvessel-density (MVD) angiogenesis scoring, lymphovascular-invasion assessment and diagnosis of endothelial-origin tumours. Reacts with platelets, endothelial cells, monocytes / macrophages, granulocytes and B-lymphocytes. Established by the original VM64 characterisation (Vinogradov et al., 1991).
SPECIFICATIONS
Catalogue number: 136 | Host: Mouse | Target: Human
Target antigen: CD31 / PECAM-1 (~140 kDa type-I transmembrane glycoprotein)
Gene: PECAM1 (17q23.3) | UniProt: P16284
Clonality: Monoclonal | Clone: VM64 | Isotype: Mouse IgG2b, ? | Conjugate: Unconjugated
Reactivity: Platelets, endothelial cells (cell boundaries), monocytes / macrophages, granulocytes and B-lymphocytes; weak on histiocytes and glomeruli.
Purification: Ammonium sulphate precipitation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography.
Format: Purified, lyophilised in PBS with sodium azide (~3 mM after reconstitution) | Package size: 1 mL (reconstitute in 1 mL sterile pure water)
STORAGE / RECONSTITUTION
Reconstitute with 1 mL sterile pure water. Ships at ambient temperature. Store lyophilised antibody 2 years at -20 °C or lower; store reconstituted antibody at +4 °C up to 4 weeks, or aliquot and freeze at -20 °C. Contains sodium azide — do not ingest, and remove azide before HRP conjugation. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw.
APPLICATIONS
- IHC (FFPE) — pan-vascular endothelial marker for tumour-microvessel-density (MVD) angiogenesis scoring in breast, prostate, colorectal, lung, renal and head-and-neck cancers.
- IHC — vascular / lymphovascular invasion (LVI) assessment in surgical-pathology specimens.
- IHC — diagnosis of endothelial-origin tumours (angiosarcoma, Kaposi sarcoma, epithelioid haemangioendothelioma) and identification of endothelial lineage in poorly-differentiated tumours.
- IHC — blood-vessel identification, best combined with D2-40 / podoplanin to distinguish blood from lymphatic vessels.
APPLICATION HIGHLIGHTS — HIGH-VALUE RESEARCH NICHES
- Tumour angiogenesis / MVD scoring — the canonical prognostic vascular biomarker.
- Vascular / lymphovascular-invasion staging in surgical pathology.
- Vascular-tumour diagnosis — angiosarcoma, Kaposi sarcoma, haemangioendothelioma.
- Endothelial-lineage confirmation in undifferentiated tumours.
REFERENCES
Vinogradov DV, Vlasik TN, Agafonova OG, Kazennova NV, Kazakov VN, Mazurov AV. A monoclonal antibody, VM64, reacts with a 130 kDa glycoprotein common to platelets and endothelial cells. Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 1991. PMID 1796401.
